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Spelling Rules -- Making Noun Plurals - Page 2
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Rule 5:
To form a plural of most English words that end in a consonant plus a -y,
change the y to an i and add an -es.
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1. theory -- theories
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2. lily -- lilies
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3. empty -- empties
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4. lady -- ladies
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5. candy -- candies
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6. penny -- pennies
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Rule 6:
For words that end in -is. change the -is to -es to make the plural
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1. thesis -- theses
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2. oasis -- oases
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3. analysis -- analyses
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Rule 7:
Some words that end in -f or -fe have plurals that end in -ves.
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1. elf - elves
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2. calf - calves
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3. shelf - shelves
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4. wife - wives
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Some exceptions to rule 7 of words that end in -f that don't follow the rule.
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1. oaf - oafs
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2. chef - chefs
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3. cliff - cliffs
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4. belief - beliefs
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5. tariff - tariffs
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6. bailiff - bailiffs
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7. roof - roofs
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8. chief - chiefs
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Rule 8:
Many words that have come into English from other languages follow their
original methods of constructing plurals
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1. alumnus - alumni
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2. analysis - analyses
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3. cherub - cherubim
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4. diagnosis - diagnoses
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5. focus - focuses of foci
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6. fungus - fungi or funguses
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7. index - indexes or indices
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8. radius - radii
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