In 1912, the short-lived Republic of China was established. Many emperors have ruled the province of Jiangsu till April 1927, when Chiang Kai-Shek formed his new government in the city of Nanjing. The province of Jiangsu was efficiently by Chiang Kai-Shek until the 2nd Sino-Japanese war started in the year of 1937. During this time, Chiang Kai-Shek control over Jiangsu slowed down and on December 13, 1937 and Japanese forces occupied Nanjing / Jiangsu for the next 3 months which is today known as the tragic Nanjing Massacre. As soon as World War 2 ended, Nanjing became back the capital of the Republic of China.