In the late 19th century, the Panthay Rebellion took place at Yunnan. The local Muslims rebelled against the Qing authorities. This was in retaliation to the discriminatory procedures adopted by the Qing authorities against the local Muslims. The Rebellion was completely suppressed and more than one million Muslims were killed. Those who survived fled to Burma where they founded various Chinese Muslim communities in the northern regions. Many other survivors escaped to Central Asia, mostly to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and are known in this region as the Dungan people. Sadly, most of the Yunnan Muslim culture has been destroyed and very few of the original Yunnan Muslims are still present in the region.